•Illegal exploitation of natural resources
•Illegal activity in protected areas
•Unauthorized maritime arrivals
•Prohibited imports/exports
•Maritime Terrorism
•Piracy
•Compromise to Bio-security
•Marine pollution.
•Unauthorized foreign fishing undertaken by foreign fishing vessels in the Exclusive Economic Zone
•Operations by vessels in direct support of foreign fishing vessels such as the transfer of catches at sea
•Illegal or unsustainable practices by domestic fishermen
•The removal or destruction of wildlife for illegal purposes
•Activities that cause unlawful damage to the ecosystem.
Unauthorized Maritime Arrivals
Australia’s national interests are threatened by any unauthorized arrival of people. The Australian Government has responsibility for the lawful and orderly entry of people into Australia, along with ensuring that only those foreign nationals who are appropriately authorized are allowed to stay.
Piracy
Australia’s national interests are threatened by any act of maritime piracy in its maritime domain. Maritime piracy includes organized attacks against vessels or infrastructure along with any opportunistic attacks.
Maritime Terrorism
Australia’s national interests are threatened by any act of maritime terrorism in its maritime domain. Categories of terrorist attack include, but are not limited to:
•Attacks on critical infrastructure
•Attacks on vessels and commercial interests
•Environmental / biological attacks on the maritime area.
Fact sheets:
•Maritime Terrorism
•Maritime Zones
Illegal Activity in Protected Areas
Australia’s national interests are threatened by illegal activity in protected areas within its maritime domain. Protected areas include:
•Protected Areas within designated Marine Reserves;
•Designated areas within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park;
•Declared Protected Zones around Australia’s offshore oil and gas installations, submerged pipelines/cables and
•Declared historic wreck sites.
Prohibited Imports/Exports
Australia’s national interests are threatened by prohibited activities in relation to importation or exportation of goods. Prohibited activities include:
•Smuggling
•Transferring goods at sea
•Illegal importation / exportation of goods
•The import / export of prohibited goods.
Compromise to Bio-Security
Australia’s national interests are threatened by any compromise to its bio-security introduced through the maritime domain. Potential security threat events in this category include:
•Deliberate introduction
•Inadvertent introduction.
Marine Pollution
Australia’s national interests are threatened by any damaging marine pollution. Adverse results from such attacks could result in:
•Marine spills and discharges
•Marine debris
•Marine obstruction.
Facts You Should Know About Maritime Border Security
According to the DHS S&T, the Borders and Maritime Security Division of Homeland Security Science and Technology “develop and transitions tools and technologies that improve the security of the United State’s borders and waterways, without impeding the flow of commerce and travelers.” Critical focus areas for Border and Maritime research, falling primarily under the categories of “border security”:
•Improved ballistic protection via personal protective equipment
•Improve detection, tracking, and identification of all threats along the terrestrial and maritime border
•Non-lethal compliance measures for vehicles, vessels, or aircraft allowing for safe interdiction by law enforcement personnel
•Non-destructive tools that allow for the inspection of hidden or closed compartments to find contraband or security threats
•Improved analysis and decision-making tools that will ensure the development/implementation of border security initiatives
•Ability for law enforcement personnel to quickly identify the origin of gunfire and classify the type of weapon fired
•Ability for law enforcement officers to assure compliance of lawful orders using non-lethal means
“Cargo security”:
•Enhanced screening and examination by non-intrusive inspection
•Increased information fusion, anomaly detection, Automatic Target Recognition capability
•Detect and identify WMD materials and contraband
•Capability to screen 100% of air cargo
•Test the feasibility of seal security; Detection of intrusion
•Track domestic high-threat cargo
•Harden air cargo conveyances and containers
•Positive ID of cargo & detection
And “maritime security”:
•Wide-area surveillance from the coast to beyond the horizon; port and inland waterways region – detect, ID, and track
•Data fusion and automated tools for command center operations
•Vessel compliance through non-lethal compliance methods
•Enhanced capability to continuously track contraband on ships or containers
•Improved ballistic personal protective equipment for officer safety Improved WMD detection equipment for officer safety; improved screening capability for WMD for mar.
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